newspaper article: Nuclear
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1. Nuclear Energy , pros and cons
There are arguments for and against ' nuclear energy . A rational assessment does not play in his favor, there are energy sources cheaper and less problematic. With some regularity
jumps out of the desire nuclear energy : solve the danger "blackout" would make the country less dependent on imported oil and coal, could bring down the price of electricity, nuclear power plants, if properly managed, they are not polluting and less dangerous than large dams. These topics.
In reality many problems arise from design to opening a new nuclear plant pass seven or eight years, the time it would take to find a suitable site and not contested by the people remains a question mark. So no quick solution of current problems. The cost of a new nuclear plant are very high for what is coming up in Finland is about three billion euros. Very expensive and completely unsolved the problem of waste. What to do, where to put them? A new decree allowing the export, but other countries have the same problems and not legally import more waste. Also, if you consider companies that have received grants for research and development in the field of 'energy nuclear , this technology is considered to be very expensive: in the last Framework Programme for European Research, the nuclear have received over 1.2 billion euro, while renewables only 390 million euro. This is what we have to add the loans allocated under the Euratom Treaty, for a total of 3.2 billion euro in 1977, he has to reckon Greenpeace. These
aid went to the expense of renewable sources like solar and in the country of the sun sluggish. The same goes for wind power. Both these technologies have an impact on the environment, but it is a predictable impact, calculated and less expensive nuclear . The sources, sun and wind are inexhaustible, investing in research and improving technology can increase yields and reduce the impact environment. This raises the question: why opt for a solution (which is always partial) difficult and costly, if there are opportunities more easily "digest"?
Rita Imwinkelried
2.
In the seventies, was becoming a real possibility to use nuclear power for produce large quantities of energy , then decided to use as a temporary solution to the huge demand for energy that of nuclear fission, because at that 'time and powerful scientists were aware of the serious dangers and enormous costs that the' use of such power plants would create. Then he was already aware of the fact that there is a form of energy nuclear much cleaner and more economical than a merger.
Today, after several decades, there are not yet nuclear fusion power stations, over the years, research funds have declined very substantially, increasing time and decreasing the results. Apparently, to those responsible, more concerned with the immediate gain that respect for the 'whole of humanity, and continue to allow a system that is used to produce energy, it produces large quantities, but it is not safe because of the large number of accidents in power plants that have involved much of the world (examples are the events at Chernobyl, and Detroit Three Mile Island), clean it on the production of waste that pollute so monstrous, keep it cheap because an establishment has a lot of active and functional costs, and has many more to ensure the dismantling of an establishment, if not more active and make sure the area as they are no longer in power control, it's open establishments in Italy before the referendum took place almost twenty years ago, there were dismantled and again today and there are doubts about whether they are safe. This shows that not only those responsible do not care about the future of 'humanity but he does not care of its own interest, because it' s use of fusion power stations would be much cleaner because the 'only remaining material would be very normal Helium, cheaper because it takes place with hydrogen atoms, easily extractable material from 'water, and more secure because any interference during the melting process would inevitably lead to the shutdown of the reaction, no other special effects.
The data collected during the 19th World Congress of 'energy, however, are worrisome and call for a' Careful analysis of the problem, in fact according to this convention the global energy demand in 2030 will reach nearly double that today! From 15,500 TWh to 31,000 TWh well! Certainly, many have thought of as the ideal production of many nuclear fission, without posing the problem of where to put the waste they produce, rather than cover most significantly to now the research on 'energy produced by the fusion of two atoms. The project currently seems most promising is the 'ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) whose main objective is to build a nuclear fusion reactor in France hot, the project aspired to do all sorts of research on 'fusion energy, many of which were canceled because of insufficient funds. This technology provides instead of splitting the nucleus of an atom of uranium (as in fission) 's union of two atoms of hydrogen (much less radioactive material and more easily available) to produce a helium atom, scientists need to do to succeed in overcome the electromagnetic force that pushes the two atoms to move away and get close enough to make the strong nuclear force push to join the two atoms, it produces a large amount of kinetic energy can easily be converted into electricity without the risk of major disasters in case of failure of the reaction, it 's not the only consequence would be to merge of the two atoms, and at the same time eliminate the problem of nuclear waste, the process is the same that occurs in stars.
In short, the road that the world is following to find energy is wrong, instead of using the solution at hand should place more trust in this type of research that has already been very promising and leave at least partly ' Central to the energy produced by nuclear fission and above that produced from oil to pollute much more than that is causing too many wars could be prevented.
(Amedeo - website http://amehomepage.altervista.org/ )
3. For Whom the Bell Tolls nuclear
So there we are. We had hypothesized more than a decade ago. Schizophrenia is in environmental crisis. In front of the alarm (in my opinion, however exaggerated) of climate catastrophe (plague), the calamity of nuclear energy would no longer be seen as cholera. At most, a manageable but providential influence as an antidote to the greenhouse effect. The
coryphaei of catastrophe at all costs, and the trumpets of the apocalypse that herald the "death of the planet" obviously guilty man "faber" than "sapiens" now converting among the shouts and cries of the last broken "dinosaurs" fearless in preaching anti-nuclear disasters at every step and nell'illudersi and deceive in the advent of panaceas such as miraculous alternative energy sources that, while desirable and pursued is designed in a proper scientific and technical, not large enough to confront, in a vital economy of scale, with the disgraced but deemed essential fossil fuels. He started the English
James Lovelock, the environmentalist guru ideologue of "Gaia," last summer, hours are still American environmental Screaming like Stewart Brand, Fredd Krupp, Jonathan Lash and Gustave Speth. Expect the Italians.
And to think that until recently the "dinosaurs" unwilling to extinction, we were, that that group of scientists, technicians, researchers, since 1987 (year of the referendum surreptitiously unhappy interpreted as a gravedigger for nuclear energy in Italy because of an equivocal attitude referendum, an irresponsible political strategy and an incoherent mass-media campaign) have fought battles and faced difficult, even denigration and marginalization, always supporting the need for a more rational assessment, technically and scientifically sound , costs that the development on the edge or even abandonment of nuclear energy by fission would create.
At the infamous National Energy Conference, held in the EUR in Rome in 1987 before the referendum, was presented with a statement (signed by 900 Italian physicists) made during a National Convention just before the one Panel composed, together with myself, then President of the Italian Physical Society, Edoardo Amaldi, Fernando Amman, Nicola Cabibbo, Carlo Castagnoli, Donald Palumbo, Carlo Rubbia, Giorgio Salvini, Claudio Villa. Here are some steps:
"The dominant aspect of the current phase of development of human communities is the growing energy demand and increase its per capita consumption. Therefore, the absolute value of those needs that will count in the next few decades, however, marked social and demographic expansion in developing countries who have already made or are about to make radical changes in structure in order to transform their lives in a way of life more complex and advanced. ... This means that the energy problem has global dimensions and the consequent scientific, economic, social, cultural and political prejudices can not be dealt with, improvisations and ideological categories out of the historic significance of this problem .... No system socio-economic development can ... if the community is not able to take the energy it needs from diverse sources and more advanced. This requires not only the optimal use of natural resources but also of great scientific discoveries and technological innovations. It follows that the voluntary renunciation of nuclear fission as an energy source, which is still being expanded and further also for what concerns the environmental and health risk, is a decision which does not correspond to the historical development of energy resources of humanity ... ".
add that in the assessments that I presented to the National Conference on behalf of the Italian Society of Physics prior energy needs for Italy 187-190 Mtoe for 2000, compared with an expected savings (145 Mtoe) of the Greens. We actually got to 185 Mtoe in 1990 and already we were at 163.
In this context it is useful to recall that Italy "is not nuclear 'is liable for about 17-18% of electricity from nuclear power plants in France, Switzerland and Slovenia and that ENEL has now (finally) taken a policy Nuclear buy most of the Slovak nuclear power plants, as well as the agreement EDF-Edison will allow Italy to enter the game of the advanced European EPR reactor, two Prototypes will be built in Finland and France respectively. You could say "it was time !''', well as could be expected that our country poses the problem of participating in major international initiatives such as the" Generation IV International Forum (GIF), which aims to develop nuclear weapons systems future generation that will ensure an even higher level of security, the maximum reduction of radioactive waste, greater exploitation of mineral resources of fissile and fertile materials, ability to produce hydrogen by thermochemical water splitting processes without passing through the energy electricity.
Nor will we forget the Italian projects innovative reactors such as the University of Rome MARS iris of the Politecnico di Milano and Ansaldo. Obviously
rethinking the nuclear option in our country can not stop here and a more serious discussion on the capacity and possibility of domestic production of nuclear power still has to be taken.
Moreover, important fact, are ordinary citizens, "people" as they say often to take pontifical attitudes on behalf of itself, more and more reasonable to express opinions on whether to reconsider this option. See the various surveys reported more frequently by the media today during the "cooling-off senile. "
Personally, having always maintained that the nuclear option should be part of a reasonable and sustainable energy mix and is in any case required not only for moderation by the use and abuse of fossil fuels and contribute to the reduction of environmental effects due to them I do not subscribe (to me and many other scientists and technical savvy and intellectually honest) to the "society of climate catastrophe (global warming due to anthropogenic greenhouse effect is still open to question).
But it is certain that the nuclear option is justified in each case for two reasons: First, the rationalization of the use of precious natural resources and the adjustment of their market prices, and secondly the need to maintain and develop a wealth of technical and scientific debtor to the physics and nuclear energy which, in our country, have created world-class knowledge and skills that only a insane and obscurantist ideological campaign has perhaps dangerously difficult cultural and social costs to be amortized.
is time that we give more credit to the skills and scientific and technical resources that still exist and that can really "help out" to define problems, to coordinate the analysis and offer possible solutions and realistic, unpretentious but also without miraculous cunning demagogic .
is now that the Princes of irrationality and fears unfounded, as the clever last minute to be made or let them part.
talk and work and leave those who "just know" but "know".
of RENATO ANGELO RICCI (published in The Forward, May 22, 2005)
4. Nuclear, not nuclear: interviews of AGI for Rita Lena
4th: Carlo Bernardini: We have to rebuild skills
But in the meantime you could buy plants
"I would not say nuclear power stations in terms of savings, as I think I heard someone say, because to return to nuclear power must think first of all in developing their skills." It is the comment Carlo Bernardini Professor of Physics, University of Rome "La Sapienza ", is the possibility of a return to Italy to nuclear power. "The old skills are missing, who is retired, who are now abroad and very few young people who want to specialize in this area, because there are no prospects for work and why the search does not give us funding. It is clear that young people are not encouraged. "
Then you pessimistic? "I'm pessimistic - replies - for the time and manner, though I must return to nuclear power. It takes at least five years to train new skills, the time needed for the boys, who enticed a possible resumption of nuclear enroll and finalize the study. "
And in the meantime what do you do? "Meanwhile, if you really think of producing energy from nuclear power plants could buy from France and decouple the problem of the formation of new skills with the problem of purchase, which I think is an inevitable option. Now the American and French technology is proven and safe. "Many people think
it would be better to opt for alternative energy. "Alternative energy can not solve the energy needs of the Italian is 50 000 MW, among other things with our old nuclear power plants, Trino and Caorso, re-commissioning of 1500 MW and will only come to us we really need here is at least 10 nuclear power plants. As far as hydrogen is a utopia, its production costs are too high, the sun is good for the local production of energy, wind power is a bit 'to overcome problems of environmental impact on the territory of the rotors ; as biomass .. "
4b: Ugo Spezia Caorso not reactivated
real problem for new plants
political feasibility "None of the four Italian nuclear plants can be restarted at this time because the decommissioning activities are well advanced." So says Ugo Spezia, Sogin nuclear engineer - the company that has a mandate to dismantle old nuclear power plants and clean up the sites on which there are - asked about the possibility of reactivating old plants for a future return to nuclear power.
"Furthermore - continued - these plants, we speak of the Triune Vercelli, Latina and Garigliano were designed in the late 50s and came into operation in the early '60s, and today has received more than the expected service life for a plant. For Caorso (BWR-Boiling Water Reactor), designed and brought into operation in the 70's, there is the problem of technology, even if it is true that there are twins in the world power that still work.
To start a station it takes the operating license and APAT (Agency for the Protection Environment Technical Services) does not release in any case a new operating license for Caorso, not only because it is a system to outdated technology, but because it is firm for twenty years. And even in the distant possibility that the license should be renewed the cost of resetting the system in working with current safety standards, are higher than they should support for a new facility. " So
no longer having the skills we buy plants? "The skills that have allowed to make old plants there are almost no more, but here we are in Sogin more than 800 people and at least half of these consists of qualified staff and Graduates with expertise in nuclear power. So for now, the technical staff in Italy is more than enough to act as clients of a nuclear facility if the government decides to change the energy policy of the country. How to do
installations, even the "old" have been bought, now worldwide, there are four major designers and builders of nuclear plants that sell turnkey systems to anyone who wants to buy them. For example, the French provide a complete system in less than three years from 1200 MW. But this is not the point, because then you have to reckon with the political feasibility point of view, because in Italy you can not make even a conventional local government or the opposition of the population living near the site selected . It is for this reason that our electric system is on the ropes, because they are twenty years in Italy have not been realized conventional plants for the production of electricity. "
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