analysis of a text literary verses
LEVEL METRIC-rhythmic and phonetic
Verse Poetry is made up of poems, characterized by a number of syllables, a certain rhythm and a certain metrical pattern.
To calculate the number of syllables, we should consider whether any of the following phenomena:
- elision : when they meet two words, one ends and another begins with a vowel, is treated as a single syllable ( Sweet and clear example consists of four syllables)
- dialefe : it is the opposite phenomenon to elide.
- umlaut, which is shown graphically with the ° (two vowels consecutive forming diphthong within a word are pronounced distinct count as two syllables) ex. here-and-you
- syneresis : it is the opposite phenomenon, in a word, two vowels that would normally correspond to two syllables count as a single syllable. Es ar-mo-nia.
Emphasis
- presence of logs or slippery verses (the last word must be on the penultimate syllable if the last word is truncated to be computed in one syllable, while it is one less slips)
The verses take its name from the number of syllables
- senario (the disease rages on - Brothers of Italy)
- setterario (the little girl hand)
- octonary (how beautiful youth)
- novenario (es'aprono flowers nocturnal)
- decasyllabic (we hear a clarion call to the right)
- hendecasyllable (in the middle of the journey of our life)
The pace
of a verse or a poem is determined by accent, caesura, enjambement. The
enjambement (or inarcatura) is the lack of correspondence between meter and syntax: what happens when two grammatically related words (such as adjective and noun) are in the following verses. The
enjambements can elicit different effects:
or the first effect is to dilate the rhythm of the poem
or other effect is to place special emphasis on the words that are separated in an unnatural way ("because the dying man's eyes and seek out the sun ..." in "the Tomb" by Foscolo. The word "Sun", remaining isolated is charged with meaning)
Ø
The rhyme is a "figure of speech to sound very much present in the Italian poetry from its origins until the end of the nineteenth century. It consists in the identity, the tonic vowel (stressed) onwards, the sounds which finished the final words of two verses. The rhyme may be
:
- ipèrmetra : when the last syllable of a word is more than the extent to
eg vetch
interwoven;
- imperfect: when not all sounds are equal:
a) assonance, eg identity of the final vowels. TEMPORARILY / superhuman (a-i-i)
b) consonant, eg identity of the consonants. plants / acanthus (nt - nt)
- internal or rimalmezzo when binds to the internal words
Ex Often ... ... ... ... ... ... met (ed)
was choking the brook that gurgles (ed)
Recall at least the types found in the sonnet:
- Kissed (AABB)
- alternating (ABAB)
- cross (ABBA)
- chained (ABA BAB)
- repeated (ABC ABC)
- inverted (CBA ABC)
The verse can also:
- loose, though it retains the size (number of syllables, accent, caesura ), but avoid the rhyme;
- free, if you do not observe any rule or measure of rhyme.
The verses are generally grouped into stanzas, the main ones are: the
couplet (two lines), the triplet (3), the quatrain (4), the sestina (6) the ' eighth (8).
- The sonnet is a poem consisting of two quatrains and two triplets of heroic verse.
- The song: the poem consists of seven-and eleven-syllable with fixed pattern for each room
- Front two feet
- Concatenation
- Sirima twice
... ... ... ..
- Leave
- L 'ode : singing with different metrical form. Each stanza consists of six seven-syllable verses. The slip
1 = 2 = plan; slip 3 = 4 = flat, 5 = slip; 6 = trunk
(and rhymes with the final verse of the next verse)
- The ballad .: Includes several stanzas interspersed with a chorus or recovery
phonetically
a) figures of sound
paronomasia
Figure morphology that is produced by combining two words similar in sound but different meaning
loss, bitter
onomatopoeia word that tends to reproduce or imitate the sound or noise natural
Gre gre. Brum brum
Toc toc
etymological figure is produced when there is a similarity of sounds belonging to the same lexical root
Selva wild
assonance
correspondence of the vowels of the final words of two verses
Aere (e-e )
restless
consonance
match of the consonants of the final words of two verses
Parlotti
the swell
alliteration
repetition of the same sound at the beginning of words or within close
who enter the warrior spirit groans
syntactic
In terms of syntax, the poetic discourse can be
paratactic
simple syntax , and prevalence of short term coordinated sentences
Dolce and clear is the night and no wind
and quiet over the roofs and gardens in the midst of
hypotactic
complex syntax, with periods amp and rich subject
Perhaps because of the fatal silence
You are the imago is so dear to me O come
evening! And when you woo happy
Asindeto
simply juxtaposed phrases
Only love, only to know
Conta, I would not have known I would not have loved
Polisindeto
phrases joined by conjunctions
Meanwhile I ask
When remains for me to live, and here for I throw myself
earth, and cry, and tremble
climax
available in terms of ascending or descending order of intensity (anticlimax)
fades away, fades, it turns off, sighs, tears and loud cries.
reverse
any deviation from the usual structure of the sentence. We have in particular if they are part hyperbaton words between two closely related terms; anastrofe in other cases
hyperbaton : fatal sang the water, or beautiful in my eyes tend Latin
anastrofe : always dear to me was this lonely hill
chiasm
syntactic arrangement of four elements in the order of words of the second group is inverted with respect to the first (or cross-available X)
semantic chiasmus: women, knights, arms, loves
chiasm grammatical hate flocks bleating, bellowing herds
parallelism
symmetrical arrangement of different elements of the sentence
From the Alps to the Pyramids, from the Rhine Manzanares
Anaphora or repetition
repetition of a word or words at the beginning of verses or stanzas
For me it goes ... For me the way ...
epiphora or repeated repetition of a word or words at the end of verse or verses
Sleep Sleep Sleep
refrain
repeat some lines that link the different stanzas
Zeugma
improper allocation of a single verb in different parts of speech and weeping shalt thou see together
Parlar
(talk = hear) (see tears =)
lexical-semantic level
c) similarity of meaning
comparison of two images; establishing relationship similarity between two elements as the sun
metaphor
transfer of the meaning of a word to another building links for similarities or likeness (similarity without abbreviated as)
golden hair, a mist of milk bottle neck
foot of the table side of the mountain
analogy
juxtaposition of images with no apparent logical relationship (perceived intuitively)
peep of stars, dark pond
synesthesia
union of elements belonging to different sensory fields
scream black perfume Green, fresh words
metonymy
replace a word with another having a relationship with the first logical (cause and effect, abstract-concrete;-containing content; work-author, subject-object)
sometimes leaving the sweaty cards (ce)
arrogance of the nobility (c)
drink a glass of wine (cc)
read Dante (ao)
took the iron (= sword) (mo)
synecdoche
express an idea through another (for all or part of whole for the part)
see a sail (= boat); greeting roofs (= houses)
oxymoron
union in the same image of two words of opposite meaning
Virgin Mother, May autumn, silent tumult, sweet pain
antithesis
juxtaposition of two images of opposite meaning
love-hate, peace-war
Hyperbole
use exaggerated words to express a concept
a century is waiting for you
understatement
expresses an idea through the negation of the contrary
= I can not forget I remember
not a fool is clever =
Antithesis
Push words or concepts are opposites
Ardo and ice
ellipses
intentional omission of an element necessary for a complete syntactical construction
I live on As a quiet my brain
landowner his lands
(live)
Irony
saying one thing meaning the opposite
Hairy Guy = a bald paraphrase
Use a paraphrase
He who governs all things = God
Antonomasia
Replace a common name with a proper name
Are you an Einstein = you're a genius =
The red Ferrari
Analysis of a poem
Introduction
name of the author and the collection, year, and historical circumstances of composition, anticipation of the summary
Content
Paraphrase ( timely : first-person)
Comment
Paraphrase interpretation (in the third person ) Or interpretive summary of the connotative meaning of the poem, the poet's evaluation of the message and its ideology, motivated opinion on the effectiveness of the text to the aims of the author
Text analysis
analysis of the text according to the structural levels , lexical, metrical, phonetic, rhetorical. Share Analysis
Context
1) the author's biography, 2) the poetry of the author, 3) relationships with other works by the author 4) relations with other works by different authors that invoke themes or structures analoghe5 ) relations with the tradition and the literary movements of the time6) relations with the historical context - Cultural time
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