PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR BUILDING AND WRITE A SHORT ESSAY
General characteristics
Write an essay is a complex task, because the writer must first acquire information and knowledge, then must revise and organize the material, only then can make his text.
In the construction of an essay are integrated, then, reading skills, ability to identify and select information, the ability to revise and submit written in a clear, organic and comprehensive for the reader.
The essay argumentative character
The argumentative essay is aimed primarily at nature in order to convince the reader to accept the views of the author.
This type of essay is organized according to the rules of argumentative text.
The author, in fact, chosen the theme of the thesis proposes to treat, that is, it must also support the claims that with appropriate arguments.
The validity of his claims depends not so much by the dissertation proposals, but rather, identified by the arguments to support them. In an argumentative essay
the thesis on the topic in question can be more than one but all must be connected with each other, in a logical way.
not lacking in character argumentative essays, parts of which contain exposure data and specific information. These parts are used as examples the author to support and substantiate the argument they have made.
To be convincing, the exposure of the argumentative essay must be rigorous, clear and consequential, and use a language fluently and appropriate to the subject. The precision of vocabulary
incisiveness and clarity of the logical elements are in fact essential to make available an essay.
The process of structuring, most used an essay topic can be so boils down to
) Presentation of the topic;
b) Presentation of the thesis;
c) Presentation of the arguments in support of the thesis
d) Presentation of examples to support its arguments, and
) Conclusion confirming the thesis
NOTE: INSERT THE NOTES (quotations)
EXAMPLE
"you were not made to live as brutes" 1
1. Dante: Divine Comedy, and Pearson. 2009
Types of information used in an argumentative essay
information in an essay are, as we have seen, both important elements for building an argumentative essay. First we must
that you use those contained in the documents supplied by the ministry, and then you can enter other, such as:
facts, examples, data, comparisons, lists, quotes, pictures.
Remember that the choice of type and quantity of information is related to the topic, the communication situation, the recipient and space.
Using connectives in argumentative essay
Connectives help to understand the reasoning and the value of information: causal, temporal, final, consecutive in the text. In
argumentative essay and exhibition they allow, therefore, to clarify the logical relationships between information and articulate arguments. There are two types of
connective: the semantic and textual ones. Log
semantic
The connective link between semantic arguments and their information and indicate their value. They thus allow the writer to clarify linguistically logical relations established between the positions
text larger.
In argumentative texts and exhibition semantic connectives are used primarily to: Add
information: and, also, more, well, also.
explain or clarify: that is, that is, that is, that is, in fact, I meant, to be precise. Place
choice of either, or.
Contrast: but, but, but, nevertheless, although, although, despite, or, at the same time, vice versa ....
indicate the cause or reason that determines the fact: because, because, since, due to the fact that, for the reason that, considering it.
Indicate the result of a fact or an action: so, so, so, so, so .. that just ... that ... as much, so much so ... that, in such a way. ... that just ... well.
Indicate the purpose and the purpose for which an action is direct: why, so.
Induce a comparison, as so ... as ... as, ... as such, rather that ..... otherwise ... that ... that more, not ... that much .... what. Give the conclusion
of what has been said before: so, therefore. So, then,
Log textual
The textual connectives clarify the structure of the text. Their function is reported as planning issues and guide and hold the attention of the reader. In paragraph
they allow the writer to clarify the organization and order of information, the text also scan scan of the parties, indicate the transition from one appearance to another.
In argumentative texts and exhibition text connectives are used primarily to:
· Sort content by creating a hierarchy of priorities: first .... In Secondly, ... Finally, first of all ... secondly .... The main thing is ... ... ... a further aspect, first and foremost. .... secondarily.
• facilitate reading:
a) demarcating the transition from one topic to another or from one paragraph to another: moving to another topic ...., the one hand, on the other, another aspect is, and in addition, it also, even, we can conclude that.
b) establishing a communicative relationship with the reader: as noted earlier, as we shall see shortly, it should be noted that the next point ....
phases to construct and write an argumentative essay
The essay you are asked to write, state exams will be presenting a text, comments and complements the documentation provided by the ministry.
In order to do this the right way is necessary first of all:
a) read, understand and analyze texts;
b) identify and highlight the key concepts of any theory, the data illustrate the problems presented in the texts read ;
c) an elaborate scheme to contain, any text, key concepts, the arguments and the data shown in B;
d) adding to the data found in the texts of the personal information that can be used to expand, supplement, or complete ' subject to be treated;
e) consider the problem to analyze and try to understand how the data in your possession may be used and presented in an essay;
f) What is the point in your essay, that a listener or reader that you contact and on what occasion want to present or which newspaper you want to publish it;
g) to identify the title of your essay, bearing in mind what you have decided on points e-f;
h) to collect the ideas in this way:
· Choose to support the thesis;
· identify what are the arguments in your possession to support it;
· identify which explanations should be provided to give the clearest possible arguments;
· identify what are the examples to support arguments;
• Highlight what information or assessments drawn from them;
• Highlight any significant relationships there are among the issues raised, through to on a direct or indirect
· introduce the concluding remarks.
i) rework the ideas collected in a lineup is divided into:
· introduction, presentation of the problem and its general character;
central · Part containing the arguments, the arguments in support of the thesis, the examples, the data quotations, comparisons. That is all it takes to succeed for the problem
clear, complete and functional data in your possession;
• Conclusions, contains some general considerations concerning the confirmation of the thesis or problem
supported the Treaty.
l) Initiate the performance of the test, ensuring that the initial period is particularly incisive and clear. Sample analysis
building, structuring and writing an essay argumentative
Nb example based on testing of the technical scientific maturity dell'AS1999
Topic: scientific-technological progress and resources of the planet: a challenge for the next millennium. (Documents not shown)
To clarify the procedures I have just presented here's a concrete example of their use on documents, defining the technical - scientific examination was provided by the Ministry last year.
Delivery:
develops the topic chosen or in the form of "short essay" or "newspaper article, using documents and data that come with it, and referring to your knowledge and experience of study.
gives a title to your treatment.
If you choose the form of "quick test" and the use editorial (magazine specialized academic research and documentation file, a series of cultural topics, other).
If you choose the form "newspaper article", indicates the type of paper on which contemplates the publication (newspaper, popular magazine, school newspaper, other).
To update the topic, you can refer to real or imaginary circumstances (exhibitions, anniversaries, conferences and major events).
not exceed four or five columns of the mid protocol sheet.
I points a and b are carried on the paper documents. Development
c
Data Document No. 1:
Thesis thinkers: The economic and technological progress given the state of technology, information technology and telecommunications inevitable.
Consequence: the human species is considered free from dependence on the natural world.
Thesis No. 1: The man underestimates the actual dependence on the natural world and this is a dangerous weakness for humans.
arguments in support of the thesis:
There are serious imbalances in energy consumption and social welfare that is currently in hands of few.
examples to clarify: they are excluded from social welfare to 2 billion poor people who do not know that electricity and use of biomass for cooking. Today
fifth of humanity consumes 58% of the world, the poorest will use 4%. Example
USA.
Thesis No. 2: ecologically sustainable economy, based on the principle of sustainability is closely linked to ecological science.
Examples of ecologically sustainable economy: fishing, water, erosion, tree cutting, carbon emissions.
Conclusion: the sustainable economy does not destroy plant and animal species at faster pace of their evolution.
Presentation of a table on energy consumption in 1900 and 1997.
Information Document No. 2: Presentation of a thesis
important: if the evolution of the global system will be allowed to continue according to current trends (increased population, natural resources exploitation, pollution) in the middle of 2000 there will be a world crisis.
Data Document No. 3: Presentation
medical progress and its consequences;
progress presentation agricultural science and its consequences.
Argument: science and technology are important forces that can be considered: empowerment and exploitation.
Problem: how to make science more human? Thesis
with solution of the problem: Science has become critical, that is to be characterized by a piqued awareness of the ecological balance.
point and Development
The problem to be presented about the imbalances in economic and ecological progress has resulted in the twentieth century. E ', therefore, necessary to build a title and text that address the issue by highlighting the various aspects.
f
Development Through the essay is to bring young people to grasp the gravity of the environmental consequences that the current economic system is causing ecological balance worldwide.
The text can be entered in any magazine aimed at young people, or more specifically in the publication of the WWF, in their revolt, which is called: The Panda. Development
point g
Title: Improvements in ruin! Development
points h - i
Introduction
Problem:
in the second half of Twentieth century there has been a remarkable progress especially in these areas:
medical sciences, agricultural sciences, technology, telecommunications, information (examples).
Consideration: This progress has made to improve human life, but also created problems.
Party Central
Presentation of the imbalances that have occurred:
Diversification of the world's most developed countries and underdeveloped;
energy resources exploitation, (examples);
Pollution (examples);
General information on the above.
solution or thesis:
create a critical science (supporting the argument with a proper argument)
ecologically sustainable economy (an argument support the thesis with adequate)
Conclusion:
Resumption of the problem presented in the introduction with important clarification on the theory that if a man will not change attitudes toward the natural world within 50 years there will be a serious world crisis. Development
the point
PROGRESS THAT RUIN
Introduction
The century that just ended was surprising, because the progress made in various fields of knowledge have enabled man to improve the quality of life substantially.
In the field of medicine such as drugs that were discovered definitively eradicated diseases grave that had plagued the previous centuries, I am referring to smallpox and the plague, but not only, we now have at our disposal antibiotics to combat bacterial infections, chemotherapy and radiotherapy to treat cancer and many other drugs, so-called life-saving , to control diseases that until recently led to certain death.
addition, the remarkable technological advances in all areas, allowed to develop increasingly sophisticated machines and instruments that have improved the quality of work and allowed to get amazing results in agriculture, in genetics, mechanics, of physics. In this regard, suffice it to say that in 1969, the man arrived on the moon.
In the second half of the twentieth century, then, have grown enormously as telecommunications and computers, we can see that as all changed our way of life.
Party Central
From this analysis it would seem, therefore, that the linear and continuous progress, which is characterized especially the second half of the century just ended, has led to positive effects for men only, unfortunately it is not, because after the intensification of exploitation of energy resources, mineral and otherwise, necessitated by the intensification of economic development, have been created on our planet and the environment imbalances of various kinds.
The first concerns the different levels of progress and development achieved in the various continents of the earth.
As we all know Europe and the United States account for most of the developed world, which are generally man lives by providing sufficient income to live in dignity and have the means and tools to work and care in case of illness.
In other continents, however, the situation of economic development is undoubtedly the most backward, although the percentage was different, because the historical events of the past and especially the colonial exploitation of the most advanced countries have determined their backwardness that has become too often economic subjugation in the world powers.
Consequently we now have 1 / 5 of world population, the rich, which uses about 58% of energy sources and the rest, the poor, who constitute the vast majority of the world population, use the remaining 48%. Among these, however, representing the poorest 1 / 5 using only 4% of energy sources, particularly the less valuable as wood, plants and organic waste and in general.
These data highlight the imbalance in terms of social welfare, that the different development progress has resulted in many nations.
imbalance which on one hand allows people to live in an economically developed society characterized by the well-being and consumerism, on the other billions of people forced to survive on very little and have no prospects for the future, because the states do not favor the affluent development.
Progress, then, that ruined the people of the third and fourth world, because they can not have the resources they need to free themselves from poverty in the developed world to serve to maintain social well-being achieved! The second imbalance
regards environmental pollution particularly from the indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources of the planet that has, in more cases, destroyed the ecological balance of nature, and emissions to air, water and soil gas and harmful substances produced by factories, automobiles, chemicals, heating equipment, electromagnetic waves and acoustic increasingly permeate the developed world.
Progress, therefore, allowed us to live better in terms of quality of life, but he has "given" environmental degradation and pollution.
Many respectable thinkers believe that the way to progress is the only viable option to the man and consequently is unstoppable.
But other respected thinkers believe that this optimistic vision has led man to underestimate its dependence on the natural world, and thus has lost sight of the importance of the balance between man and nature.
Progress, then, that ruin the environment!
What can you do to try to create a new balance that safeguards the rights of all and the world?
The answer to this question is not easy, but needs to reassure the fact that many are looking for and already are beginning to find some solution.
One of these is the development of critical science, generally characterized by a more marked sensitivity to the ecological balance.
The new science is called critical because they would first have to create technologies, new tools and instruments to gauge the possible negative effects that might occur in humans and the environment.
If science had always worked in many critically harmful and dangerous inventions would have been avoided and how many hours could not be applied!
A second response is the development of an economic system based on a policy of environmentally sustainable exploitation of environmental resources.
The annual report on the state of the planet and sustainability in 1999, states:
"In a sustainable fishing does not exceed the natural limits of sampling of fish, the amount of water pumped from underground aquifers does not exceed the regeneration , soil erosion does not exceed the natural rhythm of formation of new land, cutting trees does not exceed reforestation and carbon emissions do not exceed the ability to fix atmospheric CO2.
A sustainable economy, therefore, does not destroy plant and animal species at faster pace of their evolution. "
Consequently, the implementation of a sustainable economy, lead to significant changes in the different continents within the production system as it would lead to a reduction of energy consumption in advanced countries and a more balanced use of natural resources and respectful of 'underdeveloped environment and people, enabling them to regain ownership of natural resources and the management of their territory.
Clearly, World production would suffer a decline, but if the alternative is the destruction of the planet seems to me that there is no choice.
Conclusion In this regard, authoritative sources, are now in agreement that if the evolution of the global system will be allowed to continue current trends and without corrective action by the more advanced states, the combined effect of population, exploitation of natural resources and the various types of pollution will result in a worldwide crisis in the first half of 2000.
E 'therefore the duty of all to try to work to give a future to humanity, and to avoid, therefore, to be ruined by progress.
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